Histopathological effects of varied fluoride concentration on Cerebrum in Albino Rats

Abstract

Sajad Hamid, Zaffar Kawoosa, Shahnawaz Hamid, M.A. MIR, Athar Hafiz, Irfan jan, Fayiza Yaqoob

Fluorides have been a cause of concern for scientists and environmentalists for the long because of their harmful effects on the human and animal life but the problem was highlighted during the twentieth century because of great increase in the human population and industrialization. Since fluorides accumulate in calcified and hard tissues of the body, such as bone and teeth, and can be detected easily in these tissues. So, most of the previous studies focused on the effects of fluorides on these tissues. However, during the past decade researchers all over the world have felt that there is a need to study the effects of fluorides on various other tissues of the body including CNS as fluoride intake for prolonged period is known to cause abnormal behavioral pattern, grave implications for Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia, Attention deficit disorder and reduced I.Q in children as the fluorides are known to cross blood brain barrier. Hence the present study has thrown light on the involvement of brain in chronic fluoride toxicity. The target organ of studied was cerebrum. In the study, albino rats were exposed to 10, 100 and 500 ppm fluoride (asNaF) in drinking water for 3 months. Rats exposed to 10 ppm fluoride did not show any notable alterations in brain histology, whereas rats exposed to 100 and 500 ppm fluoride showed significant neurodegenerative changes in the motor cortex. Changes included decrease in size and number of neurons in all the regions, signs of chromatolysis and gliosis in the motor cortex. These histological changes suggest a toxic effect of high dose fluoride intake & on chronic use.