Mysterious myofibroblast: A cell with diverse origin and multiple function

Abstract

Sowmya Rao, P. P. Jagadish Rao, B. M. Jyothi, V. K. Varsha

Myofibroblasts are one of the most controversial cells in recent times. Ever since its first discovery, numerous discussions have been done on its illusive nature and functions. They are commonly considered as smooth muscle like fibroblasts. Their presence and distribution in normal and pathological conditions are still not clear since they are difficult to identify with the routine histological techniques. Recent studies have shown their ubiquitous presence in the body tissues hence suggesting their important role in both physiological functioning and pathological conditions. This review discusses briefly the cell in terms of its definition, possible precursors; mechanism involved in its modulation, most importantly how to differentiate it from its nearest counterparts such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells and finally its fundamental role in physiology and pathology.